Mineral and chemical sunscreens protect skin through genuinely different mechanisms, not just different ingredient marketing.
Mineral (physical) sunscreens
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide sit on top of the skin and primarily reflect and scatter UV radiation away from the skin — they work immediately upon application and tend to be better tolerated by sensitive skin.
Chemical sunscreens
Ingredients like avobenzone and octinoxate absorb UV radiation and convert it to heat, which is then released from the skin — they typically need about 15-20 minutes to become effective after application and tend to feel lighter/less visible on skin.
Which to choose
Both are effective when used correctly at adequate SPF — the choice mostly comes down to skin sensitivity, texture preference, and how far in advance you can apply before sun exposure (mineral works immediately, chemical needs lead time).
Is mineral sunscreen always better for sensitive skin?
Generally, yes — mineral sunscreens are less likely to cause irritation since they sit on top of skin rather than being absorbed, which is why they're commonly recommended for sensitive skin, young children, and certain skin conditions.